Shoe Sole
Shoe; It is all kinds of footwear that protects the feet from foreign substances and different weather conditions by cutting off their direct contact with the ground, as well as complementing the elegance. There are many different types such as boots, boots, sandals, heels, sports shoes, shoes. It generally consists of a lower part called "base" and an upper part called "saya". Since the shoe is worn out due to contact with the ground, the sole is made using a more durable and thick material. The upper that surrounds the foot is made of a thinner material such as leather or fabric.
Shoe models have varied greatly over the ages. The main reason for this is that shoes are made in accordance with different geographies and fashion, ranging from tropical to cold climates.
history
The history of shoes is as old as the history of clothing. In ancient times, most people wore sandals with leather soles or wooden soles. Such boats are found, for example, in Ancient Egypt.[1] It is known that the ancient Greeks wore boots while hunting. In addition, it is known that they entered the bath with some kind of shoes. Such shoes and boots were used during the Minoan civilization and Roman periods in Crete.[citation needed]
In the Middle Ages, shoes made of soft leather or fabric to wrap the foot had a pointed toe. During the journey, boots or boots up to the calves were worn. Towards the end of the 14th century, shoes with such long noses were produced that in order to be able to walk in them, it was necessary to tie the toe of the shoe to the knee belt with a chain.[2]
High cork heels were added to the shoes at later dates. Cork heels, worn to protect shoes, became fashionable in 1575. But in bad weather or in areas with heavy rain, wooden-soled shoes were also worn. Such wooden shoes (sabo) are still worn by Dutch farmers today.
High-heeled long boots, which replaced shoes in the early 17th century, were worn even at home. Later, the upper edges of the boots were folded out to reveal lace stockings. After 1660, black shoes with laces or buckles on them, and upturned square-toed shoes replaced the boots. Women's shoes followed the fashion of men's shoes. Beginning in the 17th century, it took a distinctive shape with its pointed toe and high heels.[3]
Square-toed shoes were common until the 1720s. After this date, these were replaced by round-toed shoes. In the 1770s, tall boots without large folds on the top came into fashion. In the 18th century, women's shoes were made of satin or brocade and decorated with buckles, ribbons or bows. High heels disappeared completely by 1790. The streets and roads were so nasty and muddy that people had to wear their hoodies when leaving the house.
In the 19th century, women's shoes were made of satin or velvet and had no heels. Men, on the other hand, usually wore boots with buttons, laces or flexible sides. The laceless ankle boots of the 1860s were often made of white silk. Ten years later, high heels came back into fashion, and boots started to be made with buttons on the sides.[4] Cloth was still used for shoes and boots, but the toes were sometimes made of leather.
In the 19th century, when women started working in factories and offices, as well as doing sports such as walking and cycling, more robust shoes became inevitable. Lace-up casual walking shoes appeared during the First World War (1914-18). Today, fashion plays an important role in shoe making. Choosing the right shoes is important to reduce the risk of muscle, tendon, ligament, bone and cartilage injuries while doing sports.
shoes in Turks
In Central Asia, the Turks were skilled in making clothing from leather and wool. Boots and sandals were the most common type of shoes. In addition to leather boots, felt boots were also commonly made from wool. The monarchs wore red colored boots. Boots were very convenient for horse riders.
In order to meet the needs of the army, the ruling classes and the urban people during the Seljuk and Ottoman periods, the types of shoes increased and shoemaking developed a lot. Shoemakers, like other craftsmen, had an organization. The guild controlled the quality of the shoes produced. The word kavaf, which was used for shoe sellers, gradually included the makers. Kavaflar also took names such as bootmaker, Yemenici, nalıncı, slipper and shoemaker.
In Ottoman society, shoes varied according to the social position and occupation of the wearers. Light shoes and slippers, the faces of which were made of fabrics such as satin and velvet, and embroidered with silver, were worn in the house. It was also decorated with leather shoes and boots worn outside. Topkapi Palace Museum exhibits leather shoes and boots, which are delicately and skillfully processed.
Shoes in the Ottoman period were named according to the material they were made from, their shape and the place they were used. head, pinch, mare, grass
